Sooo I have several years experience of working with wild canines, mostly higher-content wolfdogs, behaviorally almost identical to captive-raised pure wolves. I have had a close personal relationship with a wolf. I work with a public outreach program here to spread truth and good information on wolves, wolfdogs, and coyotes, specifically, and as such have had some formal education on the subject of their behavior. I feel like I can be pf some assistance here.
The first and foremost thing I can point out about *real* wolves-
They are the embodiment of anxiety.
I see a lot- and i mean a lot- of folks (less on here and more in the facebook groups ect but still) claim things like "their wolf" makes them feel brave and unstoppable.
Now, let me tell you a story. Once upon a time I was out cleaning the pen of a high content, 5yo male wolfdog. He had a DNA panel run by a company called Embark, a very reputable and accurate company, and came back as being 94% gray wolf. They have a margin of error of only 5% and he is, for the sake of the story, essentially a captive wolf.
It started to rain and got a little chilly. Great, mud!
Well, somewhere in the distance someone lit up their hearth and a stream of chimney smoke drifted over the treeline. It caught Mr. Wolfdog's eye and sent him into a PANIC. He squatted and shat himself and ran to the opposite side of the enclosure, where he paced frantically, shooting nervous glances at the smoke and occasionally stopping to pee put of fear, for FORTY-FIVE MINUTES until it stopped. There was no consoling him. He was distraught.
I have seen the same reactions out pf wolves and wolfdogs of higher content over ANYTHING new. Leashes, hats, a piece of raw chicken, a new bucket, a car starting, wind. They startle so easily. Always on their toes. The human equivalent would be something like a tin-foil-hat-wearing, ultra-jumpy, paranoid nutjob with a severe anxiety disorder. With socialization you can ease it somewhat but that constant fear of anything new is always there.
Wolves are NOT brave. That famed and often romanticized wariness we attribute to wild things presents itself as what a human could easily interpret as cowardice. Have you ever seen a majestic wolf shit itself out of fear of a dragonfly? It happens. Yes, even wild wolves like that. It is natural.
They are also extremely reactive and snappy animals (compared to the dogs we are so familiar with, anyways).
Yes, wolves are beautifully social and intelligent animals with strong bonds. But if you watch them interact, it's funny how overblown and dramatic they are. Although much of their "violence" is simply a social ritual and tends not to lead to serious harm, people who aren't familiar with wolves will often find it startling. What would be a "hey, knock it off, John, I don't like that" in a human or a tongue-lick and side-eye in a domestic dog can, for a wolf, be a full-on screaming match with fangs bared and snapping in the air, pulling out fur and seriously making noises you thought were reserved for werewolves and kaiju and horror-beasts in film. It looks like a fight to the death until suddenly they just stop and go their own ways or resume what they were doing.
They don't forget, either- wolves/wolfdogs will argue again and again over the same bullshit until its removed. In captivity this presents more of an issue because it can be triggered by resource guarding a food bowl or particular spot, while in the wild roaming minimizes that somewhat, but it does happen either way and is a natural tendency.
Neophobia and extreme anxiety are normal. So is being a loud, obnoxious, obsessive and grudging drama queen. Wolves, man.
It just always makes me laugh a little that people think of wolves as these majestic, stoic, mysterious wraith-like beings when (I SAY THIS LOVINGLY) they are really just smelly fuzzballs made of drama and fear lol
I try my best to put all of this in the easiest to understand-and-broadly-relate-to layman's terms possible, by the way, so if anyone would like a more scientific explanation...I can do that too. But this is a little more helpful in my experience.
Dramatized social rituals to avoid actual violence and hyperawareness of one's environment and cear of novel simuli are definitely valuable survival tactics. Just, from the point of view of someone raised in western human society, they can appear kind of funny.